that Epistar Corporation (“Epistar”) infringed U.S. Patent No. 5,008,718 (“the ’718 patent”). In reaching this determination, the Commission estopped Epistar from challenging the validity of the ’718 patent. The Commission also construed the claim terms “transparent window layer” and “substrate” of claims 1 and 6. After finding infringement, the Commission issued a limited exclusion order (“LEO”) prohibiting the importation of Epistar’s downstream light emitting diode (“LED”) products, regardless of the manufacturer or importer of these products. Because the Commission erred in estopping Epistar from arguing invalidity of the ’718 patent when asserted against its products, but correctly construed the claim terms, this court affirms–in–part, reverses–in–part, and remands to the ITC with instructions to permit reconsideration of validity arguments. This court also vacates the LEO and remands to the Commission for reconsideration.